Discovered in chapter 19 - The Servant of Lord Voldemort
Snape throws the Invisibility Cloak aside, and thanks Harry for unwittingly leaving it at the base of the Whomping Willow. He tells Lupin that he had gone to his office with a goblet of the Wolfsbane Potion and saw the Marauder's Map on Lupin's desk. Snape saw Lupin marked on the Map, running along the passageway from the Whomping Willow. He is convinced that Lupin has been helping Sirius Black into the castle, and is triumphant that he finally has his proof. His eyes gleam fanatically as he talks of Lupin and Black going to Azkaban, and he wonders aloud what Dumbledore will think about Lupin's betrayal of his trust. Snape conjures ropes to restrain Lupin when his colleague tries to reason with him. Snape aims his wand straight between Sirius's eyes when Sirius starts to lunge at him. He tells Sirius he won't hesitate to use his wand against him if given the chance. It is impossible to tell who hates the other more as they glare at each other.
When Hermione attempts to reason with Snape, he tells her to hold her tongue, and loses his temper when she persists. His attitude is triumphant as he talks to Black, as he had hoped to be the one to catch him. Snape tells Black that he doesn't think they need return to the castle, as he can merely call the Dementors once the group exit the passageway at the Whomping Willow. He enjoys tormenting Black with the thought of the Dementor's Kiss. Snape shouts furiously at Harry when he attempts to block his way. Before he can take a step towards Harry, he is hit by three simultaneous Expelliarmus spells from Harry, Ron and Hermione, and is thrown backwards into the wall by the force. He lies unconscious at the foot of the wall, blood oozing from under his hair.
When the group prepare to leave the Shrieking Shack, Snape is taken with them, his unconscious body controlled by the incantation Mobilicorpus, performed by Lupin.