单项填空题在高考试题中是一种知识考查题,由于这一部分知识覆盖面广,加之每年高考都有若干个陷阱题和难题,使得考生对有些题目望而生畏。本文分析了高考单项填空题的测试特点,具体阐述了这一题型的10种解题技巧,目的是帮助学生掌握这些解题方法,从而轻松答题。
第一招:还原法
高考命题常以复杂的句型来增加考题的难度,有意给学生造成理解和判断上的困难。面对这种题型,考生要能透过复杂的语言环境,结合语法结构,还原出“庐山真面目”。这样题目就会变得简单,答案就会一目了然。这种结构常为:1)将疑问句还原为陈述句;2)将强调句还原为陈述句;3)将感叹句还原为陈述句;4)将倒装句还原为正常语序;5)将被动语态还原为主动语态。
1. 将疑问句还原为陈述句
【典型考题】
例1: Is this school_______ you visited last month?
A. one B. the one
C. that D. what
【指点迷津】 这是一个一般疑问句,如果不用还原法考生会误把this school分析成定语从句的先行词,反而掉进C项that这个陷进。如果把句子还原成陈述句This school isyou visited last month,考生就可以看出这个定语从句缺少先行词the one和引导词that / which。the one 特指this school, that / which作宾语可以省略。因此答案是B项the one。
例2: What have we said _______ her so unhappy?
A. makes B. to make
C. made D. had made
【指点迷津】答案为B。这是一个特殊疑问句,如果把句子还原成We have said what _______her so unhappy,显然to make 作结果状语。但如果把该句错还原成What we have said _______her so unhappy,就成了主语从句,结果掉进陷阱,误选成C 项made。
2. 将强调句还原为陈述句
例1: —Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm_______we worked.(2007年山东卷)
A. that B. there
C. which D. where
【指点迷津】这是一个强调句型,强调地点状语on the farm。如果把句子还原成陈述句It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her,考生就可以看出on the farm后where引导了一个定语从句,且省略了that I got to know her这一结构,因此答案是D项where。
3. 将感叹句还原为陈述句
【典型考题】
different life today is_______ what it was 30 years ago!
A. How; from B. What a; from
C. What; from D. How; with
【指点迷津】这是一个感叹句,如果把句子还原成陈述句Life today is different from what it was 30 years ago.再变为感叹句就很容易选出正确答案A项。但是如果本题不用还原法而直接选择则会很容易掉进陷阱B,错选成What a; from。
4. 将倒装句还原为正常语序
【典型考题】
So much of interest _______ that most visiters simply run out of time before seeing it all. (2008年上海卷)
A. offers Beijing
B. Beijing offers
C. does Beijing offer
D. Beijing does offer
【指点迷津】本题考查倒装结构。如果将主句还原为正常语序Beijing offers so much of interesting that ...后,可知题干是so ... that的倒装句。考点: 在so ... that结构中,当so词组位于句首时该主句要用部分倒装,因此答案是C项does Beijing offer。
第一招:还原法
高考命题常以复杂的句型来增加考题的难度,有意给学生造成理解和判断上的困难。面对这种题型,考生要能透过复杂的语言环境,结合语法结构,还原出“庐山真面目”。这样题目就会变得简单,答案就会一目了然。这种结构常为:1)将疑问句还原为陈述句;2)将强调句还原为陈述句;3)将感叹句还原为陈述句;4)将倒装句还原为正常语序;5)将被动语态还原为主动语态。
1. 将疑问句还原为陈述句
【典型考题】
例1: Is this school_______ you visited last month?
A. one B. the one
C. that D. what
【指点迷津】 这是一个一般疑问句,如果不用还原法考生会误把this school分析成定语从句的先行词,反而掉进C项that这个陷进。如果把句子还原成陈述句This school isyou visited last month,考生就可以看出这个定语从句缺少先行词the one和引导词that / which。the one 特指this school, that / which作宾语可以省略。因此答案是B项the one。
例2: What have we said _______ her so unhappy?
A. makes B. to make
C. made D. had made
【指点迷津】答案为B。这是一个特殊疑问句,如果把句子还原成We have said what _______her so unhappy,显然to make 作结果状语。但如果把该句错还原成What we have said _______her so unhappy,就成了主语从句,结果掉进陷阱,误选成C 项made。
2. 将强调句还原为陈述句
例1: —Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm_______we worked.(2007年山东卷)
A. that B. there
C. which D. where
【指点迷津】这是一个强调句型,强调地点状语on the farm。如果把句子还原成陈述句It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her,考生就可以看出on the farm后where引导了一个定语从句,且省略了that I got to know her这一结构,因此答案是D项where。
3. 将感叹句还原为陈述句
【典型考题】
different life today is_______ what it was 30 years ago!
A. How; from B. What a; from
C. What; from D. How; with
【指点迷津】这是一个感叹句,如果把句子还原成陈述句Life today is different from what it was 30 years ago.再变为感叹句就很容易选出正确答案A项。但是如果本题不用还原法而直接选择则会很容易掉进陷阱B,错选成What a; from。
4. 将倒装句还原为正常语序
【典型考题】
So much of interest _______ that most visiters simply run out of time before seeing it all. (2008年上海卷)
A. offers Beijing
B. Beijing offers
C. does Beijing offer
D. Beijing does offer
【指点迷津】本题考查倒装结构。如果将主句还原为正常语序Beijing offers so much of interesting that ...后,可知题干是so ... that的倒装句。考点: 在so ... that结构中,当so词组位于句首时该主句要用部分倒装,因此答案是C项does Beijing offer。
