④ They ____ two free tickets to Canada, other-wise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
(2007山东卷)
A. had got B. got
C. have got D. get
〔解析〕由otherwise引导与过去事实相反的虚拟语气判断,前句用一般过去时,故选B。
4. 完成时和完成进行时用法比较
现在完成时和过去完成时分别表示某一动作持续到现在或过去某一时间。现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时虽然也表示一个动作持续到现在或过去某一时间,但更强调动作持续不断。
一般情况下不用于进行时态的动词有:
(1)事实状态的动词:have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue 等。
(2)心理状态的动词:know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。
(3)瞬间动词:accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。
(4)系动词:seem, remain, lie, sound, look, smell, taste, turn, go等。
〔典型考题〕
① Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ____ English for a year. (2007湖南卷)
A. studies B. studied
C. is studying D. has been studying
〔解析〕由“Cathy正在班上做语法规则的笔记”可判断,她现在还在那所学校学习英语,又根据时间状语for a year可知用现在完成进行时表示“一年来一直在学习”,故选D。
② —I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You ____ in front of that computer too long. (2007江西卷)
A. work B. are working
C. have been working D. worked
〔解析〕用现在完成进行时强调过去持续到现在的动作没有间断,这里是指“你一直在电脑前工作的时间太长了”,故选C。
5. 几种将来表示法的用法比较
(1)be going to表示个人主观的意图、打算,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;也可以表示按计划、安排要发生的事;还可以表示有迹象要发生的事。
(2)be to do 表示按计划或正式安排将要发生的事,还可以表示吩咐、命令、可能性等。
(3)be about to do表示“即将、就要”,后面不能接表明确将来时间的状语或状语从句。
(4)be due to do表示预先确定了的、必定发生的事。
(5)be on the point of doing强调即将发生的某种事态。
(6)进行时态表示将来的情况,常伴有时间状语,谓语动词一般包括arrive, begin, close, come, die, drive, end, fall, fly, go, land, leave, open, move, return, see, start, stay, stop, take off, travel等词。
〔典型考题〕
① —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night?
—I ______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. (2007全国卷II)
A. had to B. didn’t
C. was going to D. wouldn’t
〔解析〕此处I was going to...but...表示未能实现的个人愿望或打算,类似于I had planned to, but...,故选C。
② In a room above the store, where a party ____, some workers were busily setting the table(2006湖南卷)
A. was to be held B. has been held
C. will be held D. is being held
〔解析〕 根据语境可知,工人们在忙着摆放桌子,因为有场晚会要在这里举行。强调的是过去即将发生的动作,故用过去将来时的被动语态,选A。
③ Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _____. (2006福建卷)
A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken off D. took off
〔解析〕 句意为:飞机要起飞了,请系好安全带。用现在进行时is taking off表示将来的动作,故选B。
(2007山东卷)
A. had got B. got
C. have got D. get
〔解析〕由otherwise引导与过去事实相反的虚拟语气判断,前句用一般过去时,故选B。
4. 完成时和完成进行时用法比较
现在完成时和过去完成时分别表示某一动作持续到现在或过去某一时间。现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时虽然也表示一个动作持续到现在或过去某一时间,但更强调动作持续不断。
一般情况下不用于进行时态的动词有:
(1)事实状态的动词:have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue 等。
(2)心理状态的动词:know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。
(3)瞬间动词:accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。
(4)系动词:seem, remain, lie, sound, look, smell, taste, turn, go等。
〔典型考题〕
① Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ____ English for a year. (2007湖南卷)
A. studies B. studied
C. is studying D. has been studying
〔解析〕由“Cathy正在班上做语法规则的笔记”可判断,她现在还在那所学校学习英语,又根据时间状语for a year可知用现在完成进行时表示“一年来一直在学习”,故选D。
② —I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You ____ in front of that computer too long. (2007江西卷)
A. work B. are working
C. have been working D. worked
〔解析〕用现在完成进行时强调过去持续到现在的动作没有间断,这里是指“你一直在电脑前工作的时间太长了”,故选C。
5. 几种将来表示法的用法比较
(1)be going to表示个人主观的意图、打算,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;也可以表示按计划、安排要发生的事;还可以表示有迹象要发生的事。
(2)be to do 表示按计划或正式安排将要发生的事,还可以表示吩咐、命令、可能性等。
(3)be about to do表示“即将、就要”,后面不能接表明确将来时间的状语或状语从句。
(4)be due to do表示预先确定了的、必定发生的事。
(5)be on the point of doing强调即将发生的某种事态。
(6)进行时态表示将来的情况,常伴有时间状语,谓语动词一般包括arrive, begin, close, come, die, drive, end, fall, fly, go, land, leave, open, move, return, see, start, stay, stop, take off, travel等词。
〔典型考题〕
① —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night?
—I ______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. (2007全国卷II)
A. had to B. didn’t
C. was going to D. wouldn’t
〔解析〕此处I was going to...but...表示未能实现的个人愿望或打算,类似于I had planned to, but...,故选C。
② In a room above the store, where a party ____, some workers were busily setting the table(2006湖南卷)
A. was to be held B. has been held
C. will be held D. is being held
〔解析〕 根据语境可知,工人们在忙着摆放桌子,因为有场晚会要在这里举行。强调的是过去即将发生的动作,故用过去将来时的被动语态,选A。
③ Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _____. (2006福建卷)
A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken off D. took off
〔解析〕 句意为:飞机要起飞了,请系好安全带。用现在进行时is taking off表示将来的动作,故选B。