Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in China: current features and implications
中国心血管疾病流行病学：现状及意义
摘要：
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in China. To develop effective and timely strategies to cope with the challenges of CVD epidemics, we need to understand the current epidemiological features of the major types of CVD and the implications of these features for the prevention and treatment of CVD. In this Review, we summarize eight important features of the epidemiology of CVD in China. Some features indicate a transition in CVD epidemiology owing to interrelated changes in demography, environment, lifestyle, and health care, including the rising burden from atherosclerotic CVD (ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stroke), declining mortality from haemorrhage stroke, varied regional epidemiological trends in the subtypes of CVD, increasing numbers of patients with moderate types of ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stroke, and increasing ageing of patients with CVD. Other features highlight the problems that need particular attention, including the high proportion of out-of-hospital death of patients with ischaemic heart disease with insufficient prehospital care; the wide gaps between guideline-recommended goals and levels of lifestyle indicators; and the huge number of patients with undiagnosed, untreated, or uncontrolled hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, or diabetes mellitus.
心血管疾病（CVD）是中国的主要死因。为了制定有效和及时的战略来应对CVD流行病的挑战，我们需要了解主要CVD类型的当前流行病学特征以及这些特征对预防和治疗CVD的影响。在本综述中，我们总结了中国心血管疾病流行病学的八个重要特征。由于人口统计学，环境，生活方式和医疗保健相互关联的变化，包括动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（缺血性心脏病和缺血性卒中）的负担增加，出血性卒中死亡率下降，各种区域流行病学趋势，一些特征表明CVD流行病学的转变。 CVD的亚型，中度缺血性心脏病和缺血性卒中患者的数量增加，以及CVD患者的老龄化加剧。其他特征突出了需要特别关注的问题，包括缺血性心脏病患者院内死亡比例高，院前护理不足;指南建议目标与生活方式指标水平之间的巨大差距;以及大量未确诊，未治疗或未控制的高血压，高胆固醇血症或糖尿病患者。
中国心血管疾病流行病学：现状及意义
摘要：
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in China. To develop effective and timely strategies to cope with the challenges of CVD epidemics, we need to understand the current epidemiological features of the major types of CVD and the implications of these features for the prevention and treatment of CVD. In this Review, we summarize eight important features of the epidemiology of CVD in China. Some features indicate a transition in CVD epidemiology owing to interrelated changes in demography, environment, lifestyle, and health care, including the rising burden from atherosclerotic CVD (ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stroke), declining mortality from haemorrhage stroke, varied regional epidemiological trends in the subtypes of CVD, increasing numbers of patients with moderate types of ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stroke, and increasing ageing of patients with CVD. Other features highlight the problems that need particular attention, including the high proportion of out-of-hospital death of patients with ischaemic heart disease with insufficient prehospital care; the wide gaps between guideline-recommended goals and levels of lifestyle indicators; and the huge number of patients with undiagnosed, untreated, or uncontrolled hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, or diabetes mellitus.
心血管疾病（CVD）是中国的主要死因。为了制定有效和及时的战略来应对CVD流行病的挑战，我们需要了解主要CVD类型的当前流行病学特征以及这些特征对预防和治疗CVD的影响。在本综述中，我们总结了中国心血管疾病流行病学的八个重要特征。由于人口统计学，环境，生活方式和医疗保健相互关联的变化，包括动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（缺血性心脏病和缺血性卒中）的负担增加，出血性卒中死亡率下降，各种区域流行病学趋势，一些特征表明CVD流行病学的转变。 CVD的亚型，中度缺血性心脏病和缺血性卒中患者的数量增加，以及CVD患者的老龄化加剧。其他特征突出了需要特别关注的问题，包括缺血性心脏病患者院内死亡比例高，院前护理不足;指南建议目标与生活方式指标水平之间的巨大差距;以及大量未确诊，未治疗或未控制的高血压，高胆固醇血症或糖尿病患者。
